Las abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) como biomonitores de contaminación ambiental mediada por metales pesados

Liesel Brenda Gende

doi:10.52559/eunk.v2i1.31

Autores/as

Liesel Brenda Gende Centro de investigación en abejas sociales

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52559/eunk.v2i1.31

Palabras clave:

abejas, polen, miel, biomonitores, metales pesados

Resumen

En este trabajo se estudió el uso de colonias de abejas (Apis mellifera) como biomonitores de contaminación ambiental por metales pesados. Para ello se evaluó la concentración de Cd (cadmio), Cr (cromo), Ni (níquel), Pb (plomo) y Zn (cinc) en abejas, polen y miel colectadas en apiarios ubicados en tres zonas con diferentes fuentes de contaminación. Los muestreos para la determinación de metales pesados se realizaron en cada apiario una vez al mes, durante doce meses. Las muestras de abejas y polen fueron procesadas mediante digestión ácida y las soluciones resultantes fueron analizadas mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. En tanto que las muestras de miel se procesaron por digestión en microondas y la detección fue realizada en espectrómetro de fluorescencia de rayos X por reflexión total. Las concentraciones de cada uno de los metales fueron determinadas en relación al peso seco de las muestras. Los datos obtenidos indicaron que los cinco metales pudieron ser detectados en abeja y polen y solo pudo ser determinado el cinc en las muestras de miel. La matriz que mejor resulto como biomonitor de contaminación por metales pesados resulto ser la abeja.

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